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webscraping

How to Scrape Chipotle Store Locations

How to Scrape Chipotle Store Locations

Introduction

Web scraping has loads of interesting use cases. From financial forecasting to lead-gen, web scraping has several creative uses that you might not think about at first glance. For example, a burrito shop opening a new location might want to place their location further away from a Chipotle. What if you had a map of every Chipotle in the US? Would this help your burrito chain to analyze the market better? You bet.

This quick tutorial will show you how to inspect almost any store location app, find an API back-end, retrieve data from it and save it to a well-formatted CSV.

Prerequisites

You'll need:

Step 1 - Inspecting the Store Map App

Open a web-browser and go to any store locator app. You can google Locations. Try to find a web-app that has an interactive map.

We'll use Chipotle's store locator

Open up Chrome's Network tool in DevTools:

Right Click in the page > Inspect > Network

DevTools allows us to inspect the network requests that our browser makes to Chipotle's web servers.

Now, we'll tinker a bit with the page and see if we can't find the HTTP call that returns store locations. We'll use the page as normal and input a location and load it in the browser.

devtools

Under the name column, you'll see the assets being requested from the server.

To make our search a bit easier, we can click the XHR option and filter the requests down further. XHR is short for XMLHttpRequest, an API available to browser languages like Javascript to send and receive HTTP/S requests. Ajax ( or Asynchronous Javascript and XML) requests are sometimes called an XHR request but these days we commonly see JSON, plaintext or HTML received back.

xhr

Once you've filtered down the results, you can click through the results and view the response. In this case, we'll see a JSON response that looks very promising. We'll grab the response by clicking in the response box, using commad/control+a to select it all and command/control+c to save it to our clipboard.

We'll paste the response into VS code and using the command Pallete, we can Command+Shift+P and Type Json Pretty Print to format our data to be easier to read.

Looking through the JSON response, we see a key data that contains store location data. Some of the data included is latitude, longitude, realEstateCategory, and the public phone number!

json_data

Step 2 - Getting ALL of the Data

Now that we have the correct request, we'll head back to Chrome DevTools to further tinker with the request. We have SOME Chipotle locations, but we'd like to have ALL of the Chipotle locations to do proper Burrito-Chain market analysis.

On the same request we grabbed our JSON data from, we'll right-click it > Copy > Copy as cURL.

copy_curl

Curl is a Linux utility commonly used for requesting data to or from a server. Chrome has a handy export option so we you replicate this same request in our terminal.

Here is the copied request:

curl 'https://services.chipotle.com/restaurant/api/v2.1/search' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' -H 'Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty' -H 'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key: b4d9f36380184a3788857063bce25d6a' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36' -H 'Chipotle-CorrelationId: OrderWeb-284f3eed-06a5-41fd-9a34-f64a8ccb8ca1' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -H 'Origin: https://chipotle.com' -H 'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-site' -H 'Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors' -H 'Referer: https://chipotle.com/order' -H 'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9,la;q=0.8,pt;q=0.7' --data-binary '{"timestamp":"2020-3-29","latitude":36.169941199999975,"longitude":-115.1398296,"radius":80467,"restaurantStatuses":["OPEN","LAB"],"conceptIds":["CMG"],"orderBy":"distance","orderByDescending":false,"pageSize":10,"pageIndex":0,"embeds":{"addressTypes":["MAIN"],"publicPhoneTypes":["MAIN PHONE"],"realHours":true,"directions":true,"catering":true,"onlineOrdering":true,"timezone":true,"marketing":true}}' --compressed

Go ahead and open up Postman. Postman is a GUI-based tool that allows us to modify our request more easily and save it for later. Hit File > New and select Request. Name it something useful (Chipotle_Locations) and save it to a folder within Postman.

Then, click File > Import > Paste Raw Text. Here, we can paste our copied curl request from Chrome and click import. Postman will import our curl-formatted request and we can begin to modify it. Go ahead and click Send and observe the same JSON response body from earlier that is returned.

We can click the Body Tab in Postman to view the JSON body that is being sent to Chipotle's servers. We'll see two interesting keys to modify: radius and pageSize. Radius is probably our distance in kilometers or miles to search and pageSize is the number of results returned. Change radius to something a bit higher -- 9999999 should work well. For pageSize, we'll use 5000. There are a few other parameters sent, but we'll just change these two.

{
    "timestamp": "2020-3-29",
    "latitude": 36.169941199999975,
    "longitude": -115.1398296,
    "radius": 9999999,
    "restaurantStatuses": [
        "OPEN",
        "LAB"
    ],
    "conceptIds": [
        "CMG"
    ],
    "orderBy": "distance",
    "orderByDescending": false,
    "pageSize": 5000,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "embeds": {
        "addressTypes": [
            "MAIN"
        ],
        "publicPhoneTypes": [
            "MAIN PHONE"
        ],
        "realHours": true,
        "directions": true,
        "catering": true,
        "onlineOrdering": true,
        "timezone": true,
        "marketing": true
    }
}

Send the request again and you'll notice it takes a while to return a response. Postman shows nearly 6 seconds response time and 8.7 megabyte response. We want to be respectful of Chipotle's server resources, so it's a good idea to not run this query multiple times. Using pagination is usually a far better idea if you'll be running these types of requests many times.

We can grab our response from Postman and copy it to VScode. Use command/control+f to make a quick search on a unique field per result like addressLine1. My find shows 2632 results. Perfect.

Step 3 - Writing a script to dump the data to CSV

Now that we have all of the Chipotles (or damn near), we want to automate the retrieval and sorting of the data.

Luckily, Postman makes that really easy too. To the right, near the Send request button, you'll see Code. Click Code and we can convert our modified request to a Python Script with the Python - Requests option on the left pane.

Copy the code and paste it into your IDE and save it as ChipotleScraper.py or similar.

Our code is thus:

import requests

url = "https://services.chipotle.com/restaurant/api/v2.1/search"

payload = "{\n    \"timestamp\": \"2020-3-29\",\n    \"latitude\": 36.169941199999975,\n    \"longitude\": -115.1398296,\n    \"radius\": 9999999,\n    \"restaurantStatuses\": [\n        \"OPEN\",\n        \"LAB\"\n    ],\n    \"conceptIds\": [\n        \"CMG\"\n    ],\n    \"orderBy\": \"distance\",\n    \"orderByDescending\": false,\n    \"pageSize\": 5000,\n    \"pageIndex\": 0,\n    \"embeds\": {\n        \"addressTypes\": [\n            \"MAIN\"\n        ],\n        \"publicPhoneTypes\": [\n            \"MAIN PHONE\"\n        ],\n        \"realHours\": true,\n        \"directions\": true,\n        \"catering\": true,\n        \"onlineOrdering\": true,\n        \"timezone\": true,\n        \"marketing\": true\n    }\n}"
headers = {
  'Connection': 'keep-alive',
  'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
  'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
  'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key': 'b4d9f36380184a3788857063bce25d6a',
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.132 Safari/537.36',
  'Chipotle-CorrelationId': 'OrderWeb-284f3eed-06a5-41fd-9a34-f64a8ccb8ca1',
  'Content-Type': 'application/json',
  'Origin': 'https://chipotle.com',
  'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site',
  'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
  'Referer': 'https://chipotle.com/order',
  'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,la;q=0.8,pt;q=0.7'
}

response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data = payload)

print(response.text.encode('utf8'))

Now that we're making the request with python, we want to save it to CSV so we can import to Excel, Postgres, mySQL, or any other database.

at the top of the script, import the JSON and CSV libraries so we can handle the JSON response object and write to csv.

import json
import csv

Below the print response line, we'll use the python with statement to to write to a file, ChipotleLocations.csv.

with open('ChipotleLocations.csv', mode='w') as CSVFile:
    writer = csv.writer(CSVFile, delimiter=",", quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)

    writer.writerow([
        "restaurantNumber",
        "restaurantName"
    ])

Inside the with statement, we'll define a writer object with a few parameters to define our delimiter as a comma.

Then, we write the first row with the columns corresponding to the data from the JSON response object.

Inside the with statement, add the following code:

    for store in stores['data']:
        row = []
        store_id = store["restaurantNumber"]
        store_name = store["restaurantName"]

        row.append(store_id)
        row.append(store_name)
        writer.writerow(row)

Here, we use a for loop to iterate over the objects inside of the data key of the JSON object. The script says:

For each item (called store) inside of stores['data']:

  • Create an empty row variable of type list []
  • Create a variable store_id that contains the current item in the iteration's restaurantNumber
  • Create a variable store_name that contains the current item in the iteration's store_name
  • Append or add the store_id variable to the list row defined above
  • Append or add the store_name variable to the list row
  • Use the CSV writer object to write row to the file Chipotle_Locations.csv
  • Go to the next item in the iteration, until we reach the last item

Let's run the script with:

➜  chipotle_scraping_demo# python ChipotleScraper.py

After a few seconds, take a look in the same folder and you'll see a CSV output with the data!

Adding additional columns is as simple as pulling them from the JSON response object and adding the CSV column names. A few are nested deeper, so you'll have to use additional brackets [] to index and slice them.
For example, latitude and longitude would look like:

latitude = latitudelatitude = store["addresses"][0]["latitude"]
longitude = store["addresses"][0]["longitude"]

You can grab the full-script at https://github.com/stets/chipotle_scraping_demo/blob/master/ChipotleScraper.py

Conclusion

Congratulations! At this point you have a working web scraping script in Python. You've learned how to inspect network requests with Chrome's DevTools and modify requests in Postman. You're well equipped to begin scraping data with the requests library and chopping your data via Python.

If you enjoyed this post, consider joining our community for Web Scraping Developers -- Scraping in Prod. I've also made a YouTube video covering this same post here.

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